10/11/2023 0 Comments Capnography machineNot all materials allow infrared waves to pass through. The CO2 being measured goes via a sampling chamber that has a fixed size. In more technical terms, we say that the infrared source emits wavelengths within a “narrow band “. Therefore the infrared source is designed to emit waves having wavelengths within narrow limits. If the waves emitted have too much of a variety of wavelengths, the system will not be able to differentiate between gases. To be specific for a particular gas, the infrared source must emit waves having wavelengths within narrow limits. On the other hand, if you want to measure nitrous oxide gas, you will choose a wavelength of 4.5. In this way, it will not measure nitrous oxide. Therefore, to measure CO2, you will design your infrared source to emit a wavelength of 4.25. This property is useful for the system to measure a chosen gas. On the other hand, nitrous oxide maximally absorbs infrared waves with wavelengths of about 4.5 micrometers. If you take CO2, it maximally absorbs infrared waves with wavelengths of about 4.25 micrometers. Like all waves, infrared waves have wavelengths.Ī given gas absorbs infrared waves of different wavelengths differently. The infrared source emits infrared waves. Infrared source and and absorption of infrared waves The system will be discussed in more detail now. More the CO2 present, more of the infrared waves that will be absorbed. The basic analyser system consists of an infrared source, sample chamber and detector. More the CO2 present, more is the infrared rays absorbed. The CO2 analyser works on this principle. Taking only the “Beer Law” part of the “Beer Lambert Law” and applying to infrared waves, it says:Īmount of infrared rays absorbed is proportional to the concentration of the infrared absorbing substance. This is a combination of two laws, The Beer Law and the Lambert Law. The basic principal of the capnograph is based on infrared and the Beer Lambert Law. For an example, infrared can be used to measure nitrous oxide and isoflurane. In fact, infrared absorption can be used to measure, in addition to CO2, other gases that have different atoms in their structure. Therefore, because carbon dioxide gas has different atoms, it absorbs infrared waves. Therefore, oxygen does not absorb infrared waves.Ĭarbon dioxide gas, unlike oxygen gas, has atoms that are different. Oxygen gas has two atoms which are not different. Infrared is absorbed by gases that have “two or more different atoms. The frequency is below red light, which is why it is called “infra” red. Infrared waves are waves that are invisible to the eye and have a lower frequency than visible light. This problem will make the capnograph show a low CO2 reading and trigger an alarm that alerts medical staff to the problem.Ĭapnography uses infrared waves to measure CO2. due to morphine), CO2 will not be able to “get out “. For an example, if the patient stops breathing (e.g. This is an extremely useful measurement as it can help detect problems along the pathway taken by the CO2. The capnograph is able to measure the expelled CO2. The CO2, like the oxygen, goes through a series of steps before it is expelled out of the body. The cells use the oxygen and produce carbon dioxide (CO2) as a waste product. Oxygen goes through a series of steps before it reaches the cell We all know that oxygen is necessary for life. This interesting website is completely free for you to visit. It explains the opposite and tells you how to be unhappy! By understanding how unhappy people think, you will be able to recognise and change such thinking in yourself. The free website at the link below takes a very unique way of explaining how to be happy. We all want to be happy, but this is not always easy.
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